One key driving force behind bee destruction in Europe and North America has been a type of mite, the varroa destructor pest, which attacks bees and that beekeepers struggle to control, Neumann said.

欧洲、北美的蜜蜂面临的毁灭背后一个关键性的驱动力是一种叫做瓦螨的小虫，它们向蜜蜂发起进攻，而养蜂人则极力想要控制它们，诺依曼说。

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To stun pests, the 2-heptanone is injected at the site of the bite a bee inflicts on a mite, moth or larvae.

BBC: Honey-bees found to have bite that stuns

To investigate, scientists looked at two common pesticides: neonicotinoids, which are used to control pests on oil seed rape and other crops, and a group of organophosphate chemicals called coumaphos, which are used to kill the Varroa mite, a parasite that attacks the honey bee.

BBC: Neonicotinoid pesticides 'damage brains of bees'

The varroa mite is endemic throughout both feral and cultivated honey-bee colonies.

BBC: Honey-bees found to have bite that stuns