One of the most important things reflected in business contracts, especially in transnational business, is how to divide and bear risk, i. e. risk-transfer.

因此，风险的划分、承担，即风险转移问题，则成为买卖合同尤其是国际货物买卖合同中一个十分重要的问题。

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However, managerial skills are not necessarily tied to wealth or willingness to bear risk, and incompetent managers who are important residual claimants can be difficult to remove.

然而，经营技巧却不必与财富或承担风险的意愿相联系，没有能力的经营者，他们是重要剩余索取人的话，很难被清除。

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These producers may not want to bear the risk of what future spot prices will be, so they may contract in futures markets to sell their future outputs at market-determined prices.

这些制造商可能不愿承担期货价格和现货价格变化的风险，于是他们可以在期货市场取得合约，以市场确定的价格卖出他们的未来产品。

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In fact, different people might make different choices about how much risk they're willing to bear to get a higher expected return.

事实上，为了获得高的预期收益率,人们愿意承受的风险,也会不同。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

In my next blog post, we will talk about assessing the ability to bear risk.

FORBES: Risk: Are You Willing?

The last thing I kind of add to that is: The ability to bear risk is an asset.

FORBES: Does Your Investment Plan Consider Risk?

However, other factors, including a broader retrenchment in the willingness of investors to bear risk, difficulties in valuing complex or illiquid financial products, uncertainties about the exposures of major financial institutions to credit losses, and concerns about the weaker outlook for the economy, have also roiled the financial markets in recent months.

NPR: Economic Swoon to Continue, Bernanke Says