But it also prohibits bail-outs: shareholders and creditors must bear losses.

但它也禁止了分红：股东和债主必须承担损失。

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That will leave a shrinking pool of private investors to bear losses if debts are restructured.

如果这些债务被重新组合，那么留给私人投资者的将是一个让人发憷的大坑，他们在这个大坑里要遭受损失。

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It is also a good measure of a bank's net worth and reflects a bank's ability to bear losses without becoming insolvent.

这也是很好权衡银行的资本净值并反映银行能承担损失而不致破产的能力。

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European governments would bear losses on the loans they have made to Greece in the various bail-outs.

ECONOMIST: How much do Greece and the rest of Europe stand to lose?

The alternative, which some regulators prefer, is to create a specific layer of debt that would bear losses if a bank fails, without (it is hoped) triggering a run of all creditors.

ECONOMIST: Restructuring banks

What may be needed is a rejigging of banks' balance-sheets to try to contain this panic, with a clearer line between those who bear losses, including shareholders and junior creditors, and those, such as depositors, senior creditors and counterparties, who can be assured of business as usual.

ECONOMIST: The task of sorting out banking is far from finished