This makes sense, as the bottom protocols provide very basic services such as transmission of signals over network cables.

这样做是有意义的，因为底层协议提供很基本的服务，如网络电缆上的信号传输。

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Signals from the retina flow to the most basic processing area first; the cells in that area fire up others in the next area; and so on.

信号首先从视网膜传输到最基础的(基层的)处理区域；那个区域的细胞则唤醒下一个区域的其他细胞，并依次进行下去。

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So far they have simulated basic circuits for generating composite noise signals, as well as noise-based and and or logic gates, among other components.

目前他们模拟了产生重叠噪音信号的基本回路，基于噪音的与门和或门，还有其他的一些元件。

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Take a step way back and think about what's the basic mechanism by which cells receive signals.

现在让我们回过头来思考,细胞接收信号的基本原理

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

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