A supply chain is a group of partners who collectively convert a basic commodity (upstream) into a finished product (downstream) that is valued by end-customers, and who manage returns at each stage.

供应链是一群合作伙伴，它们共同把基本商品(上游)转化为由最终客户评价的最终产品(下游)并且它们对各阶段的利润进行管理。

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These companies will rise and fall based on the commodity pricing of basic components, not on the quality of their overall system.

此类公司的成败取决于基本组件的价格变化，而与其整体系统质量关系不大。

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Trite comments such as "squeeze the toothpaste" betray a real lack of thought. People at work crave to feel valued, not reduced to some kind of basic household commodity.

诸如“挤牙膏”之类的老生常谈确实是欠缺考虑的。人们在工作中总是渴望体现自我价值，而不是沦为牙膏这种生活日用品。

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The Midland, Michigan-based company still gets 40% of its revenues from basic commodity chemicals and plastics.

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This may seem an odd topic, as we watch basic commodity prices decline.

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By restricting government support to a single identical plan, it forces insurance companies offering the Basic Plan to compete to sell a uniform commodity, which will make competition really thrive.

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