Language teachers' perception toward the validity, reliability, authenticity and backwash effect of the two response types was elicited by a questionnaire.
作者通过调查问卷，调研了英语教师对两种题型在效度、真实性和后效作用的看法。
An effective way to make the backwash effect of the test positive is to improve its validity.
提高测试效度是使测试反拨作用趋于积极的有效手段。
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