The findings show that the backward linkage effect of iron and steel industry on ferrous metal industry in china is pronounced than the relative effect in other seven countries;
研究结果显示，我国钢铁产业对黑色金属矿采选业后向直接关联效应明显高于其它七国；
However, higher export orientation has opposite effect as to backward linkage and forward linkage.
然而，企业的出口倾向对前后向联系的作用相反。
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