by

• PHRASE

• 1. 

  PREP Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it. 在…旁边

  例：

  Judith was sitting in a rocking chair by the window.

  朱迪丝坐在窗边的摇椅上。

  例：

  Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine.

  费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，叫了一杯葡萄酒。

• 2. 

  ADV By is also an adverb. 在旁边 [ADV after v]

  例：

  Large numbers of security police stood by.

  许多秘密警察站在旁边。

• 3. 

  PREP If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping. 经过 [v PREP n]

  例：

  A few cars passed close by me.

  几辆车从我近旁驶过。

• 4. 

  ADV By is also an adverb. 经过 [ADV after v]

  例：

  The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.

  炸弹在巡警队经过时爆炸了。

• 5. 

  PREP If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time. 暂时 (拜访)

  例：

  We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove.

  我们已安排好顺道去她在太平洋路的家拜访。

• 6. 

  ADV By is also an adverb. 暂时地 [ADV after v]

  例：

  I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.

  晚餐后我会过来待会儿，我们可以谈谈那件事。

by /baɪ/

• ADV

介词读作baɪ。副词读作ˈbaɪ。

• 1. 

  PREP If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time. 到…时; 在…之前

  例：

  By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel.

  他八点前已到了我住的旅馆。

• 2. 

  PREP If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night. 在…期间

  例：

  By day a woman could safely walk the streets.

  白天，妇女可以安全地在街上走。

• 3. 

  PREP In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum. 用于乘除法中 [PREP num]

  例：

  ...an annual rate of 22.8 percent (1.9 multiplied by 12).

  …每年22.8％的比率（1.9乘以12）。

• 4. 

  PREP You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction. 表示面积尺寸 [PREP num]

  例：

  Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2½ metres.

  3名囚犯共住一间3米长2.5米宽的小牢房。

• 5. 

  PREP If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost. (表示数量、程度等) 以…之差 [PREP amount]

  例：

  Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.

  暴力犯罪自去年以来已上升了10％。

• 6. 

  PREP Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities. 按…计算 [PREP 'the' n]

  例：

  Packages arrived by the dozen from America.

  成打的包裹从美国寄来。

• 7. 

  PREP You use by in expressions such as "minute by minute" and "drop by drop" to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once. 表示循序渐进的速度 [n PREP n]

  例：

  His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.

  他父亲的记忆力开始一点点衰退，变得越来越健忘。