Objective To compare three tests and statistical methods in the measurement sensitivity of learning and memory function in rat by step through avoidance response.

目的为了提高避暗反应测定动物学习记忆功能的敏感性，本实验对三种实验及统计方法进行了评价。

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The impairment of learning and memory of lead exposed rats was evaluated by examining the passive avoidance response and conditioned avoidance response.

本实验采用明暗箱被动回避反应和穿梭箱条件性回避反应测定，探讨了铅对大鼠学习与记忆的损害作用。

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Several behaviour models such as active avoidance reaction (AAR), once passive avoidance reaction (OPAR), spatial discrimination memory (SDM), were used to research the process of learning and memory.

采用主动回避反应(aar)，一次性被动回避反应(OPAR)，空间分辨记忆(SDM) 3种模式对学习记忆过程进行系统研究。

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Within the next few months, it will become clear whether the western world is learning from the Bosnian experience and aiming for something more ambitious than the mere avoidance of renewed war.

ECONOMIST: Balkan rebirth | The