Using surface chemistry to change the substrate's ability to promote attachment of the proteins and cells, co-cultures of different types of cells can be achieved.

在细胞培养的基底表面运用化学修饰，改变其对蛋白质和细胞的吸附特性，可以良好地控制不同细胞的共培养。

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Phosphorylation is a type of cell regulation involving the attachment to, or removal of, phosphate groups from proteins, thereby switching their biological functions on or off, or making them more or less stable.

BBC: Sir Philip Cohen