The researchers analysed the sizes and structures of ash particles using a variety of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
研究人员使用不同的技术研究了火山灰颗粒的尺寸和结构，例如原子力显微镜、电子扫描显微镜和X射线衍射。
In addition, the microstructure of the MgO thin films were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Morphology (AFM) and Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM).
同时，用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微电镜(afm)和透射电镜(TEM)对薄膜的微观结构进行了分析。
The structural and magnetic properties of the granular film are studied by atomic force microscope, energy dispersion X-ray spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and alternating gradient magnetometer.
利用原子力显微镜、能量散射X射线谱、X射线衍射和交变梯度磁强计研究了该颗粒膜材料的结构和磁学性质。
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