The main factors governing photoinduced toxicity of the anthraquinone are molecular polarity, the ability of electron transition and the largest negative net atomic charges.

影响蒽醌类化合物对大型溞光敏化毒性的主要因素是分子的极性、电子的跃迁能力和原子最负净电荷。

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All the variations are associated with the charges and atomic radiuses of metals.

这些变化均与金属离子所带电荷和原子半径有关。

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Quarks, the particles from which atomic nuclei are made, were reckoned to have such fractional charges, but since it is impossible to isolate a quark, its charge cannot be measured directly.

ECONOMIST: The 1998 Nobel prizes