Both interactions of a two-level atom with a vacuum field and a excited atom with a coherent field, as examples, are discussed in detail.

作为例子，详细讨论了二能级原子与真空场的相互作用以及处于激发态的原子与相干场的相互作用。

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The target atom or ion may be excited to infinite bound states, auto-ionizing states and adjoint continuum states which can be treated in an unified manner by Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory.

电子碰撞过程可将靶原子或离子激发至无数的束缚态、自电离态和对应的连续态，多通道量子数亏损理论能够统一地处理这些激发态。

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The boundary radii of excited atoms are defined by the classical turning point of the electron moving in an atom.

应用原子激发态中一个电子所受到的作用势，借助电子运动的经典转折点，定义原子激发态的边界半径。

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So if we're talking about the fourth excited state, and we talk instead about principle quantum numbers, what principle quantum number corresponds to the fourth excited state of a hydrogen atom.

如果我们说的是,第四激发态，我们用,主量子数来描述，哪个主量子数对应了,氢原子的第四激发态？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, what we know is happening is that were having transitions from some excited states to a more relaxed lower, more stable state in the hydrogen atom.

我们知道，这里所发生的是,氢原子从激发态到更低更稳定的态的跃迁，而我们用眼睛可以探测到的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So another way to say that is, in a sense, if we're thinking about the excited state of a hydrogen atom, the first excited state, or the n equals 2 state, what we're saying is that it's actually bigger than the ground state, or the 1 s state of a hydrogen atom.

换句话说，如果我们激发一个氢原子，第一激发态或者说ｎ等于２的态，我们说它比氢原子基态,或者说１ｓ态要大。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Once that is done, another laser pulse will jostle the virus from its ground state into an excited state, just as a single atom is excited by moving one of its electrons from a lower to a higher orbital.

ECONOMIST: An old thought experiment may soon be realised