D. in political science at Stanford University in the mid-1960s, Nie became frustrated with the computer-based statistical analysis tools available at the time.

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But Scott Zeger, the head of the department of biostatistics at Johns Hopkins, who performed the statistical analysis in the study, points out that clustered sampling is the rule rather than the exception in public-health studies, and that the patterns of deaths caused by epidemics are also very variable by location.

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My company LRN conducted an independent statistical analysis of how things actually work at companies, small and large, derived from a lengthy and rigorous empirical study of observations from 36, 000 employees in 18 countries conducted by the Boston Research Group, The Center for Effective Organizations at University of Southern California and Research Data Technology, Inc.

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