Perovich was chief scientist on Ice Station SHEBA, a yearlong drift of an icebreaker frozen into the Arctic pack ice.

裴洛维奇也是席巴海冰研究站的首席科学家，他搭乘的破冰船与北极浮冰冻结在一块儿，一起漂流了一年。

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The Yamal is one of Russia's biggest, most powerful icebreakers, and one of the few ships in the world capable of cutting through the thick Arctic pack ice.

Yamal是俄罗斯大型，动力最强的破冰船之一，是有能力破开北极厚厚的冰层通行的少数船只之一。

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As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether.

由于北极的大片浮冰向南移动，挪威人的航行路线由向西航行改成了向开阔的大西洋航行，后来向西的航行整个都终止了。

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However, although the sea ice is shrinking -- covering less total area as well as becoming thinner -- the Arctic is still a world ruled by ice, a lesson well learned when the Polar Pioneer encountered heavy pack ice between Svalbard and the eastern coast of Greenland, forcing the captain to divert the boat and drop speed to just a few knots.

BBC: Life in the fragile, frozen Arctic