The rib vault, flying buttress, and pointed (Gothic) arch were used as solutions to the problem of building a very tall structure while preserving as much natural light as possible.

借着拱顶肋、飞扶垛和尖拱（哥德式），使建造极高结构而尽量保持自然光的问题得以解决；

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The treatment of the fixed end arch bridge, of the continuous arch bridge and of the superstructure on the arch is discussed and practical proposals are made for the solutions.

对固端拱、多孔连续拱和拱上建筑的处理，作了讨论和实用的建议。

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