As you can tell from this very brief example, approaching security from the application architecture level requires strategic thinking.

通过这个简单的例子我们可以了解到，要从应用程序架构级别处理安全性，需要采用战略思维方式。

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Another top-down way of approaching SOA is through MDA — Model-driven architecture — tools allowing the definition of models that can generate code to build services.

处理SOA的另外一种自顶向下的方法是借助模型驱动的体系结构(Model - driven architecture, MDA)工具，以便定义可以生成代码的模型来构建服务。

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