The application is self-contained and does not rely on information or services from the app server.

这种应用程序是自包含的，不依赖于来自应用程序服务器的信息或服务。

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The hidden information contained in the object makes it difficult for application developers to understand how to invoke the services.

包含在对象中的隐藏信息使得应用程序开发者很难了解如何调用服务。

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The contractor also will provide program and project management, application development, hosting, operation, information assurance, acquisition, and training services.

合同商也将提供项目管理、应用软件开发、作战、运作、信息担保、采办和训练服务。

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Nokia is adding to the list of global companies that is using the emerging markets as a test bed to discover new products and services suitable to those markets. ( IBM is another one where a need in India is driving global innovation for it.) It is doing this via its Ovi Life Tools, a set of mobile information and application services.

FORBES: Nokia Looks To Emerging Markets To Find New Products And Customers

Last year the University of Central Lancashire in Preston introduced an application for freshers, with maps, information about services and local transport.

BBC: University gives students text books on iPhones

The application-layer FIX (financial information exchange) protocol is used by financial services firms, stock exchanges, and investment banks for automated financial trading.

FORBES: Hacking Capitalism