You should have deep knowledge of the available development tools, middleware platforms, and the standard platforms for application deployment, including their associated characteristics and costs.

您应该深入地了解各种开发工具、中间件平台、以及应用程序部署的标准平台，包括它们的相关特征和成本。

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More research needs to be done to identify a standard set of personas for use in application development.

需要做更多的研究来识别应用程序开发中使用的标准角色组。

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This improves application development time, reduces errors, and makes it possible to consolidate skills by allowing programmers to code in an industry standard interface.

这缩短了应用程序开发时间，减少了错误，并且使之有可能通过允许程序员在行业标准接口中编码而巩固程序员的技能。

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