A model that had a single common ancestor and allowed for some gene - swapping among species was even better than a simple tree of life.

一个拥有单一共同祖先且允许物种间部分基因彼此交换的模式甚至更优于树形生命模式。

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This defective gene was supposed to come from a common ancestor.

这个缺陷基因可能都来自一个共同的祖先。

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Orthology describes genes in different species that derive from a single ancestral gene in the last common ancestor of the respective species.

指的是这样一些基因，它们起源于这些基因所在物种的最近的共同祖先的一条基因。

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Sophisticated genetic calculations identified that Byrne and the living patients who were found to carry the gene shared a common ancestor, and that the mutation is about 1, 500 years old.

BBC: Scientists testing for Northern Ireland 'giant gene'