Animal testing is expensive and can be of dubious value, and scientists would prefer cheaper and more reliable alternatives.

动物实验成本高昂，而且不一定有价值，科学家更愿意采用便宜可靠的替代方法。

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They understood that acquiring physical handsets or deferring to emulators and simulators were not appropriate or cost-effective alternatives to live handset testing.

他们了解，利用物理手机或使用仿真器和模拟器对于实时的手机测试来说是不适合的或不节省成本的。

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Nevertheless, academic centres promoting alternatives to animal testing have grown up in both places in recent years.

不管怎样，近几年，两地的学术中心在推进动物实验替代方案方面都有进展。

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There are no proven alternatives to such testing to maintain the exceedingly sophisticated weapons in our arsenal.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Gaffney on the CTBT

Alan Goldberg, of the Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing at the Johns Hopkins University School, told Science magazine that although it was not yet an acceptable alternative, it was "a significant advance".

BBC: Human cornea grown in lab

According to the congressional newspaper The Hill, Democrats had chosen the slogan to address the party's "messaging problems" after testing it in focus groups along with a number of alternatives.

NPR: 'Talking Right': Why the Left Is Losing, Linguistically