The EIU first began ranking cities to test whether or not companies should pay staff a hardship allowance if they make employees relocate to a different country.

经济学人智库起初对城市进行排名是为了测试企业是否应给派往外国的员工支付相应的辛劳津贴。

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The values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results.

在表中列出了试验结果正常变化的允差数值。

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The recently introduced Jobseeker's Allowance, with its tough test of a claimant's availability for work, has also led to a sharp fall in benefit claims.

ECONOMIST: Working for your welfare

MPs also backed ministers by 332 to 266 over plans to means-test the same allowance after 12 months, so people recovering from an illness or injury will be able to claim contributory ESA for one year rather than the two years proposed by peers.

BBC: Welfare Reform Bill - part one

The trial, which became known as the "Mensalao" or the "Big Monthly" allowance, was seen as a key test of Brazil's ability to hold its politicians to account for corruption.

BBC: Brazil prosecutors investigate ex-President Lula