If the strength calculation of piping components is to be made, the allowable stresses of the piping materials shall be determined fist.
要对管道元件进行强度计算，首先就要确定管道材料的许用应力。
The thicknesses of arch dams are mainly controlled by the allowable tensile stresses in many cases.
在相当多的情况下，允许拉应力对拱坝的厚度起了控制作用。
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