It later emerged that the spacecraft’s heat shield had been damaged on launch, letting superheated air inside and tearing it apart.

后来证实，航天飞机的外层热防护在发射时就被损坏，使得超热气体渗入机舱内，导致机毁人亡。

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To minimize energy, the surfactants shield their tails from water by adsorbing at the air-water interfaces or, when in solution, aggregating into micelles.

为了降低能量，这些表面活性剂通过吸附在气液分界面上从而把它们的尾巴保护起来不碰到水，如果在溶液里的话，则凝聚成胶束。

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The service plans to roll out SAGE to additional users during the Vigilant Shield ’08 homeland security exercise this month, the Air Force said.

该服务计划在08国土安全“警惕盾牌”训练期间延伸到另外的用户。

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The underside of the capsule will get hot as it pushes up against the Martian air - the heat shield will experience temperatures above 2, 000C.

BBC: Mars Curiosity rover success depends on 'crazy' landing

The frame is no longer assembled from laser-etched wood, instead there's a powder-coated steel frame with PVC plastic sides to help shield the various moving parts and lend an air of professionalism to the affair.

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This was accomplished by a heat shield, a parachute and some retro-rockets and, finally, air bags that inflated just before touchdown.

NPR: Mars Rover Marks Second Anniversary of Landing