It can include contract designers, part manufacturers, production line builders, sub‐component suppliers, and OEM/final assemblers, as well as aftermarket service providers.

价值链的成员可以包括设计承包商、部件制造商、生产线建造商、元器件供应商、整机制造和装配企业，以及售后服务提供商。

youdao

IPOs in recent years have traded well in the aftermarket, but in aggregate they have not generated a great return for their VCs (due in part to challenging pricing).

FORBES: Biotech IPOs Are Back! Maybe.