Japanese researchers have used a high-speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) to shoot a movie of the tiny rotating enzyme that produces the chemical fuel for cells.

日本研究者们使用了一种高速原子力显微镜(afm)拍摄一部小旋转酶给电池产生化学燃料的电影。

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The research team observed the fibers using confocal light microscopy, confirmed their assembly using dynamic light scattering and studied their morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

该研究小组利用共焦光学显微镜观察纤维，利用动态光散射技术证实了纤维的组装过程，而且利用原子力显微镜技术（AFM）研究了它们的形态。

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The surface morphology and characteristics of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

该薄膜的表面形态和特征采用扫描电子显微技术(SEM)，X射线衍射(XRD)以及原子力显微技术(afm)描述。

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The team, which included French and Spanish collaborators, used a variant of a technique called atomic force microscopy, or AFM.

BBC: Atomic bond types discernible in single-molecule images