A QA team can become much more effective and efficient by replacing an AD hoc testing approach with formal, repeatable processes that include test planning, defect cause analysis, and automated tests.

QA团队通过将包含测试计划、缺陷原因分析，和自动化测试的正式、可重复的过程，替代特殊的测试方法，以变得更加有效且高效。

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At maturity level 1, processes are usually AD hoc and chaotic.

在成熟度等级1上，过程通常是特定的且混乱的。

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Moreover, it is easier to reliably extend automated deployment processes to support more complex scenarios, giving development teams more flexibility whilst avoiding ad-hoc processes.

此外，实现更多的自动化部署流程来支持更复杂的场景，让开发团队在避免临时流程时更加灵活性更容易。

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Now we need to automate the ad hoc processes that limit human, hence business, productivity.

FORBES: By Ted Schadler

They rely on ad hoc, people-driven processes to discover assets on the network.

FORBES: A New Approach To Protect Against Cyber Attacks