In the funding, mainly there are two risks: the actuarial risk and solvency risk. Two strategies are applied to control these two risks.

筹资中主要面临两种风险：精算风险和偿付能力风险，可以采用安全成本及最优缴费率两种策略对筹资中的风险进行最优化控制。

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Insurance Actuarial theory is a analysis and forecast subject to all kinds risk of insurance industry by mathematics, probability statistics methods and finance models.

保险精算学是运用数学、概率统计学原理以及多种金融模型对保险业中各种风险因素进行分析预测的学科。

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Comparing risk is an important role in the insurance practice and theory of the actuarial science.

风险比较是保险与精算中重要的内容之一。

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While no charges have been filed, the case against Hank Greenberg hangs on the actuarial concept of risk transfer.

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Absent intervention, well-functioning insurance markets achieve actuarial fairness in which premiums are in direct proportion to the risk posed by each class of insured individual.

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To that end, the Society of Actuaries and the Casualty Actuarial Society hosted a call for essays, " Systemic Risk, Financial Reform, and Moving Forward from the Financial Crisis, " seeking to find solutions that would prevent a future systemic meltdown.

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