When management has an understanding of predicted versus actual volatility, it is able to assess variance from plan and take steps to rein in projects that are heading out of control.

当管理层了解了预计的对实际的易变率时，就能够评估与计划的差异，并且设法控制正要脱离控制的项目。

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Realised volatility looks at the actual movements of prices in financial markets.

实际波动率以金融市场实际价格走势为准。

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From a management standpoint, volatility is a familiar concept, with correlates to project planning exercises that also incorporate notions of "budgeted versus actual."

从管理的立场出发，易变率是熟悉的概念，与同样包含了“预算对实际”的概念的项目计划实践相关联。

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So, when observing the VIX, the "fear factor" is determined by the degree in which SPX implied volatilities, as measured by the VIX, are priced above the actual (historical) volatility of the SPX.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Realised volatility looks at the actual movements of prices in financial markets.

ECONOMIST: Buttonwood

While leveraged volatility ETNs do come closer to replicating the actual performance of VIX, these instruments are really only effective when held for short periods of time (as volatility lag eats away at the returns over time).

FORBES: Profiting From Fear With Exchange-Traded VIX Notes