The DNA electrochemical sensor is manufactured by immobilizing ssDNA on the activated surface of CPE in fixed potential. The complementary DNA is detected by hybridization on the this sensor.

利用一定电压下将探针固定在活化的碳糊电极表面的技术，研制成DNA电化学传感器，用该传感器对互补链dna进行杂交检测。

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PD-1 "receptors" sit on the surface of immune-system cells when they're activated and on the hunt for enemies.

WSJ: New Cancer Drugs Use Body's Own Defenses

Even more surprisingly, they found that each receptor, located on the surface of a particular cell, is unique, and when activated by an odorant, triggers the cell to send an electrical signal to the brain.

ECONOMIST: The Nobel prizes