The effect occurs because of a molecule called staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid that acts on keratinocytes, the primary cell type found in the epidermis – or outer skin layer.

由于葡萄球菌脂磷壁酸分子（在表皮中或外皮层找到的主要细胞类型）作用在角化细胞上产生了这个结果。

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And they have been battling ever since, blocking or holding back laws aimed at curbing acid rain, ozone-layer depletion, and - mostly recently - global warming.

自那时以来，他们一直反抗、限制或阻止形成旨在控制酸雨、臭氧层损耗，以及最近的全球变暖法律。

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Factories, power stations, and rehicles exhausts[1] pump harmful gases into the air, contributing to global warming, causing acid rain[2], and destroying the ozone layer.

工厂、火力发电站和车辆将有害废气排放到空气中，是造成全球气候变暖，出现酸雨，破坏臭氧层的罪魁祸首。

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Astra claims to have a unique three-layer formulation that protects the drug from being degraded by stomach acid.

FORBES: Hard to Swallow

Stick the part in acid, run an electric current through it and we can increase the thickness of the layer by a factor of 20-40.

FORBES: Will Handling Your iPhone 5 Damage It? Maybe...