"The high latitude North Atlantic Ocean is a globally important ocean region, as it is a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and an area where deep water formation takes place, " Prof Achterberg observed.

BBC: Iceland volcano ash cloud triggers plankton bloom

"The car industry has been driving negotiations all along and European Union politicians have been happy to sit in the passenger seat making comments about the scenery, " said Franziska Achterberg, the pressure group's EU transport policy campaigner.

BBC: Green deal 'can protect motor jobs'