Publish-and-subscribe messaging is a way to achieve one-to-many delivery semantics between applications for a given message as shown in figure 2.

发布-订阅消息传递是针对一条特定消息在应用程序间实现一对多传递语义的消息传递方式，如图2所示。

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The GIG aims to achieve information superiority in a network-centric environment by enabling various systems and messaging-based Web services to interoperate with each other in parallel.

GIG的目标是在以网络为中心的环境中获得信息优势，使各种系统和基于消息传递的Web服务能够以并行方式进行互操作。

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The most effective way to utilize this ecosystem and achieve personalized, highly-targeted messaging and interactivity with Facebook users is through a Facebook application.

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