The R-GSS model is composed of three components as follows: Access Control Decision Server (ACDS), LDAP Directory Service Server and Access Control Execution Server (ACES).

整个系统包括三个部分：访问控制决策子系统、LDAP目录服务器和访问控制实施子系统。

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While manufacturers of ACDs and PBXs were busy making small customer-inspired tweaks, they missed the onslaught of a massively disruptive new technology--and suffered the consequences.

FORBES: How To Sustain Your Competitive Advantage

But forget all the techie acronyms--the point is that the guys building PBXs and ACDs were adding new features to their existing equipment, yet only able to make small incremental improvements based on what their customers were telling them.

FORBES: How To Sustain Your Competitive Advantage