This pattern is quite different from that in most countries, where the young borrow against future income and the elderly run down the savings they accumulated in their high-earning middle years.

这种模式和许多国家都不同，这些国家的年轻人都过着预支未来收入的生活，而老一辈的人则将他们在中年高薪时攒着的积蓄慢慢用完。

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The two concepts are different: income is the flow of money a nation or household receives in a year; wealth is the stock of assets it has accumulated over its life so far, minus its debts.

这两个概念是有区别的：收入指的是一个国家或者一个家庭一年内所获得的资本流量；而财富指的是在除去负债以后，到目前为止，个体在一生之中所积累的财产存量。

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The U. S. tax system discourages saving in many ways, such as by heavily taxing the income from capital and by reducing benefits for those who have accumulated wealth.

美国税收体系在很多方面都抑制了储蓄，例如 对得自资本的收入课以重税，降低财富积聚者 所获的利益。

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Most trusts (non-grantor trusts) pay tax on capital gains and accumulated income that stays in the trust, while the beneficiaries pay tax on income that is distributed to them.

FORBES: Tax Hikes Hit Trusts Hard, Beneficiaries Pull Money Out

And because of lower interest rates, the recently retired who are buying an annuity with their accumulated pension money find the income they are getting from it is far lower than they had hoped.

ECONOMIST: The history and future of pensions

All three formulas weigh current income much more heavily than accumulated assets.

FORBES: Save For Retirement Now, Get More College Aid Later