Productivity takes a hit because of the intervention of management at every point in the workflow, but this is acceptable when one considers the risk inherent in the alternative luck method.

生成效率会有间歇式的停止，因为在工作流程的每一点上都会有管理的干预，但是当考虑到幸运方法内在的风险，这点还是可以接受的。

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Once you understand those basic costs of outages, you next need to determine the acceptable total yearly cost of downtime a a "i."e. how much business or productivity can you afford to lose each year?

一旦您理解了这些问题的基本成本，下一步您需要确定的是每年可接受的故障成本——即每年您可能损失多少业务或生产量？

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Under a tenure policy, however, the employer effectively loses this flexibility to eliminate tenured faculty whose quality of work fails to meet a minimally acceptable level or whose productivity has dwindled over the years.

FORBES: Attacking Higher Ed Cost Inflation: Reform Academic Employment Policies