Current studies of early modern absolutism—rule by one person with absolute authority—emphasize continual negotiations between ruler and ruled.

现代早期绝对主义的研究强调统治者与被统治者之间的持续谈判。

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A digitized ruler with absolute code is adopted as the reference of the system, and the ruler is read by the reading system which is composed of optical system, CCD camera and computer.

该系统采用绝对码标尺做基准，使用由光学系统、CCD摄像机和计算机组成的读数系统来读取标尺数值。

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Now, what did it mean to be an absolute ruler?

那么绝对统治者到底意味着什么呢

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Part of being an absolute ruler is being able to levy taxes against those people who have the joy or the extreme misfortune of living in those domains, and more about that later.

绝对统治者的一个权利,就是能向那些领土内的富商巨贾,或是一贫如洗的穷人征收赋税,这个稍后再详说

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Because he is an absolute ruler.

由于他是绝对统治者

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Such insights seemed virtually impossible for the absolute ruler of an organization bound by tradition to the point of sclerosis.

FORBES: The Pope's Resignation: In Praise Of Quitting

Moved by a combination of reason and fear, Hobbes believed, human beings will contract with each other to create a sovereign - an absolute ruler who will prevent any slide into anarchy.

BBC: A Point of View: A time when violence is normal