The UK, France and Germany rely on exams such as A-levels, the French Baccalaureate or Abitur – topped up by entrance tests for the most highly popular and selective subjects such as law and medicine.

英国、法国和德国都采用像A-levels这样的考试，法国的Baccalaureate or Abitur考试是在众多的入学考试中排行领先的。 这种考试是针对比较热门的和专业要求比较高的专业而设，比如医学和法律这样的专业。

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Their problem is not education: they make up a majority of those who pass the Abitur as well as of university students.

ECONOMIST: Germany scandalously underuses immigrants and women

Ethnic Turks born in Germany are twice as likely to pass the Abitur as those born in Turkey itself, though still only half as likely as native Germans to do so.

ECONOMIST: Germany scandalously underuses immigrants and women