Abdominal surgery on more of an adverse respiratory effects of the main factors are: to stimulate the diaphragm, the incision pain, reflex nerve stimulation, such as pulmonary hypertension.

上腹部手术更易对呼吸造成不良影响，主要影响因素有：膈肌的刺激、切口疼痛、神经反射刺激、肺动脉压增高等。

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Additionally, it can be used for thoracentesis to treat patients with pneumothorax, for abdominal paracentesis, and for brachial plexus nerve blocking anesthesia as well.

静脉留置针除用于静脉输液外，还可用于胸腔穿刺、腹腔穿刺及臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。

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When acute anoxia, the skin, the abdominal cavity internal organs nerve is excited, shrinks the blood vessel function to get the advantage, therefore vasoconstriction;

急性缺氧时，皮肤、腹腔内脏交感神经兴奋，缩血管作用占优势，故血管收缩；

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