Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there's no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.

石英是石英——由四个氧离子围绕的硅离子——200万年前的更新世石英和5亿年前的寒武纪石英之间没有任何区别。

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Currently, the most commonly studied nanochannel is a silicon nanopore, made by drilling a hole through a silicon membrane.

目前，最常见纳米通道的研究是通过在硅表面钻了一个洞的硅纳米孔。

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"You really need system-wide Skolkovas - Silicon Valley - otherwise it ends up just like under Catherine the Great when they imported a lot of German tradesmen and planted them in various settlements - but they were fairly self-contained.

VOA: standard.2010.06.18

The other established approach is to take two wafers of silicon, coat each with a thin layer of glass on one side (which is done by baking them in oxygen), and then fuse them together to produce a silicon-glass-silicon sandwich.

ECONOMIST: Chip technology

It uses a non-silicon material called cadmium telluride to make ultra thin solar panels while the vast majority of its competitors use silicon.

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For any given good, be it a metal lathe or a silicon-wafer saw, most potential buyers will not have access to a physical auction.

ECONOMIST: The new old thing