abstract:Arctic Apples are varieties of apples that contain a nonbrowning trait introduced through biotechnologyLehnert, R. "Firm seeks approval for transgenic apple" Good Fruit Grower. Jan. 15 2011.Milkovich, M. "Non-browning apples cause controversy" Fruit Growers News. April 29, 2011. developed through a process of genetic engineering and precision breeding by Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc. (OSF).Wilson, K. (2011, July) "Aussie Transplant Proves Fruitful: The Long Road to GMO Innovation" Orchard and Vine, 18-19.