The first one started around 1648.

第一种大约始于1648年。

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That international system lasted from 1648 to 1945.

那种国际格局从1648年持续至1945年。

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The course will cover European history from 1648 to 1945.

本门课程将会讲述1648年到1945年的欧洲历史。

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This is his picture of Charles V at a battle in Germany in 1648.

这是一张查理五世,在1648年德国战争中的画

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And which, in the case of England, the civil war was largely fought, to a great extent anyway, trying to prevent the English monarchy from taking on characteristics of those emerging absolute states on the continent.

其中之一是英国,［1648年的英国内战称之为 "英国资产阶级革命"］,这在很大程度上,是为了阻止英国的君主制,转变为欧洲大陆上新兴的绝对主义

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选