潘克塞普曾对老鼠进行了相关研究，他发现，当老鼠玩耍的时候，他们经常发出一种唧唧喳喳很尖的声音——根据科学家表示，这是笑的一种原始形态。

Panksepp has studied rats and found that when they play, they often chirp—a primitive form of laughter, according to the scientist.

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臭氧是一种高度活跃的氧气形态。

Ozone is a highly reactive form of oxygen gas.

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

反快乐艺术的兴起与大众传媒的出现几乎是同步的，与之相伴的是一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅仅是一种主张，而是一种意识形态。

The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an idea but an ideology.

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It is a form. It is a form and that form, because we can see it has structure and because we can see it has organization and complexity, is purposive.

它是一种形态，它之所以是一种形态，是因为我们可以看到它外在的形状,以及它复杂的结构，这就是“合目的性“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So there are three main geographical subdivisions.

有三种主要的地理形态分类。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选