官僚机构一词来自法语,翻译成中文,含义就是办公室的统治。当然,并不是任何管理机构都可以称为官僚机构。官僚机构的实质在于执行政权脱离了多数人的意志,在于以形式的要素代替了内容丰富的活动要素、在于认为与其他任务和目标相比较,自我保存是首要的目的。
他们正努力提高其通常臃肿的官僚机构的效率。
They're making efforts to streamline their normally cumbersome bureaucracy.
他对庞大的官僚机构心存疑虑。
然而,如果要填补的职位是一个大型官僚机构的管理职位,则应选择一个高权力需求和低从属需要的候选人。
However, if the job to be filled is a managerial post in a large bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who las a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected.
But many, particularly two-- bureaucracies and powerful standing military forces-- are characteristics of modern states.
这些变革,尤其是官僚机构和强大的军队,这两方面是现代国家的特征
that you can contact directly instead of having to go through the bureaucracy of the big university.
你可以直接和他们联系,而不用通过耶鲁大学的官僚机构。
Two ways of measuring how this happened and what difference it made is to realize, to return to what I said earlier, that big state structures involve bureaucracies.
如果要弄懂贵族如何获利,以及贵族获利所引起的改变,我们必须意识到大国必须建立官僚机构,我在前面曾提到过这一点
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