经济学家马歇尔经济理论中关于规模经济和垄断弊病之间的矛盾的观点。马歇尔认为:自由竞争会导致生产规模扩大,形成规模经济,提高产品的市场占有率,又不可避免地造成市场垄断,而垄断发展到一定程度又必然阻止竞争,扼杀企业活力,造成资源的不合理配置。因此社会面临一种难题:如何求得市场竞争和规模经济之间的有效、合理的均衡,获得最大的生产效率。“马歇尔冲突”适用于收益递增(成本递减)的行业,如电信业、银行业。
现代产业组织理论的核心问题是“马歇尔冲突”,即规模与竞争之间的矛盾。
One core issue in modern industry organization theory is "Marshall Conflict" which deals with the dilemma between scale and competition.
马歇尔避免了二十世纪初抗议小说中典型的受压迫、与白人社会冲突的悲剧性女主人公。
Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century.
“如果两条法律相互之间有冲突,那么法院必须跟据每条法律的实施情况来做出选择” (约翰·马歇尔)。
"If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each" (John Marshall).
应用推荐