詹姆斯·艾灵顿身为司膳总管，他的家庭在非裔美国人中算是富足之户。由于受雇于一名医生，他得以借用其丰富的馆藏图书来广泛地充实自己。

James Ellington was a butler and a caterer, but he was prosperous by African-American standards of the time, and extensively self-educated thanks to the library of his employer, a doctor.

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方法采用非概率随机抽样方法，选取283户家庭进行调查，并对调查结果进行统计、分析。

METHODS: a total of 283 families were investigated by random sampling, and the results of investigation were analyzed statistically.

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