方法：应用世界卫生组织推荐的三阶梯止痛法，即第一阶梯给非激素类消炎镇痛药，第二阶梯给弱阿片类止痛药，第三阶梯给强阿片类止痛药。
Methods: Using three ladders pain analgesic WHO introduced, that is the first ladder giving NSAIDs. The second weak opioid 'analgesics, the third strong opioid analgesics.
受试者在超过规定的时间内使用救援镇痛药的人数，和使用救援止痛药的时间点，被认为需要采取额外有效措施。
Numbers of participants using rescue medication over specified time periods, and time to use of rescue medication, were sought as additional measures of efficacy.
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