哺乳类在肾脏髓袢和集合管处进行尿浓缩的结构。这里所谓的逆流系统是指髓袢的升、降支，集合管以及其周围肾髓质的间质而言。原尿在升、降支和集合管内的液流方向是相反的。
连续动态逆流系统由预浸器、挤压提取器和逆流提取器按不同物料特性设计组合而成。
Continuous Dynamic Countercurrent System is designed and constituted with pr-extractor, Squeezed-Extractor and Countercurrent extractor according to different properties of materials.
刚孵出的小海龟太小了，即使有保温和逆流交换系统，也无法保持体温。
Hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat, even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems.
棱皮龟通过将鳍状肢底部的血管排列成逆流交换系统来完成这一过程。
The leatherback accomplishes this by arranging the blood vessels in the base of its flipper into a countercurrent exchange system.
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