Barro从联邦政、州以及各地方的所得税和社会保障工资税得出平均边际税率 * ，他也基于平均边际税率的变化对GDP的影响而估算出税收乘数（tax multipliers）。

Barroalso estimates tax multipliers based on the effects on GDP of changes inaverage marginal tax rates from federal and state and local income taxes, andsocial security payroll taxes.

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