下超调下超调指电压调整器或控制器在应对负荷变化时，电压或频率低于额定的量。
Undershoot Undershoot refers to the amount by which voltage or frequency drops below the nominal value as the voltage regulator or governor responds to changes in load.
所要控制的要素包括系统频率、联络线潮流、线路电流、设备的负荷和电压。
The elements to be controlled include system frequency tie line flows line currents equipment loading and voltage.
然后，应用分层估计和前馈补偿原理导出电力系统状态估计和负荷频率控制方程。
Then the principles of hierarchical estimation and feed forward compensation are applied to derive the power system state estimation and load frequency control equations.
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